Syria and Independence Day: The Story of a Nation’s Freedom

Modern syria offers visitors more than just a sightseeing trip. It is a journey through layers of history, where ancient stones and bustling streets carry the stories of struggle and resilience. Among the defining chapters of this story is Independence Day—known in Syria as Eid al-Jalaa—which commemorates the end of French colonial rule on April 17, 1946.

From the Ottoman Empire to the French Mandate

Before World War I, Syria was part of the Ottoman Empire. its collapse opened the door to European control. Under the Sykes–Picot Agreement of 1916, Syria was placed within France’s sphere of influence, and in 1920, the League of Nations officially granted France the mandate over Syria after the defeat of King Faisal’s forces at the Battle of Maysalun.

The mandate was widely rejected by syrians, who viewed it as colonial rule under another name. Resistance soon erupted, culminating in nationwide uprisings. The most important of these was the Great syrian Revolt of 1925, led by Sultan Pasha al-Atrash, which spread from Jabal al-Druze to damascus, Homs, Hama, and parts of Lebanon.

The Great Revolt: A United Voice for Independence

The battles of al-Kafr, al-Mazraa, and others showcased Syrians’ determination to resist occupation despite France’s overwhelming military superiority. While the revolt was eventually crushed and its leaders forced into exile, it planted the conviction that independence would not be granted but earned through sacrifice. Sultan al-Atrash, sentenced to death but later pardoned, returned as a symbol of unity and defiance.

Treaties, Betrayals, and Diplomatic Struggle

In the 1930s, Syria’s nationalist movement pursued independence through diplomacy. The Franco-Syrian Treaty of 1936, brokered by the National Bloc, was a step toward sovereignty, and Hashim al-Atassi became president soon after. Yet France refused to ratify the treaty, deepening public resentment.

World War II further complicated matters. Syria fell under the pro-German Vichy regime, only to be reclaimed by Free France and British forces in 1941. That year, Syria declared itself independent, but French troops remained, casting doubt over its sovereignty.

Independence Day, April 17, 1946

The true breakthrough came only after the war. Mounting international pressure and continued Syrian resistance forced France to withdraw completely. On April 17, 1946, the last French soldier left Syrian soil, marking the birth of an independent state. Since then, Independence Day has stood as a powerful reminder of national dignity and self-determination.

Traditions and Commemoration

Every year, Syrians honor the day with flag-raising ceremonies, visits to the tombs of martyrs, and official speeches that highlight the sacrifices made for freedom. In major cities such as Damascus, Aleppo, and Homs, fireworks illuminate the skies, while schools and government offices close to mark the national holiday. Independence Day is both a day of rest and a day of remembrance.

Independence and Today’s Challenges

Beyond its historical meaning, Independence Day invites reflection on Syria’s present struggles. The spirit of resistance that united Syrians against French colonialism continues to resonate in a country facing division, foreign interventions, and complex internal challenges. Independence, in this sense, is not a single event but an ongoing pursuit—an aspiration that must be renewed with every generation.

Conclusion

For Syrians, April 17 is not just a date on the calendar. It is the culmination of decades of struggle and a symbol of sovereignty won through immense sacrifice. Independence Day serves as a reminder that freedom is fragile yet essential, and that the lessons of history remain a guide for building a stronger future.